Movies & Crime: Notorious B.I.G.
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| Notorious BIG |
Delinquents and the Gang
IQ and delinquency
are statistically connected. Hirschi and
Hidelong studies show a strong link between intelligence and crime grafted tracing
down to our school training. Studies of juvenile
student’s tested ability and school performance accounts for criminal behavior. Juveniles that turn to delinquency failed to learn
strong internal ban against crime. Along
with predisposed individual factors with family and cultural setting, low
intelligence paves the way to emotional impetus to asocial behavior.
Delinquents
do worse in school —academically, attitudinal, motivational—resenting school
routine and becoming bored of it. Whereas
non-delinquents’ school performance can drop from feelings of inadequacy, delinquents
merely dismiss school routine. Persons
who break the law have attitudes that are unconventional, anti-social, and
present-oriented. Almost 90% of
delinquents misbehave before the age 11 before the typical age of adolescent delinquent
gang.
Delinquents
are more assertive, aggressive, unconventional, extroverted, and poorly
socialized. Non-delinquents are
self-controlled, concerned with relations with others, guided by social
standards, and rich in internal feelings of love, anxiety, and
helplessness.
Lower
class boys may come to depreciate conventional ethics of success and value
toughness and immediate gratification. Economically
disadvantaged adolescents turn to crime to achieve material goods and avoid economic
failures.
Students
that misbehave in school are more likely to drop out of school and become
delinquent. Delinquents are males
disproportionately raised from lower socioeconomic groups.
They
share the following personal traits:
1. Low intelligence, specifically,
verbal intelligence leading to delinquent acts, difficulty with schoolwork, and
difficulty with school.
a.) Predatory crimes. They do not understand consequences from
their actions and are difficult to manage relative by verbal communicative skills.
b.) Impulsive,
extroverted, aggressive temper. They find
school boring, confining, and unrewarding—sitting still, being attentive, and acting
cooperative. Impulsive, aggressive
personalities are over-represented in delinquents and criminals.
c.) Parents
failed to instill the value of actions and consequences. They were raised under inconsistent disciplinary
actions and denied the opportunity to form strong connection between schoolwork
and personal gratification, distrust and/or disregard to authority, not taking
seriously any rules and conduct yielding troublesome activity outside of
school.
A
third of their fathers were unskilled laborers, 40% truck drivers, teamsters,
semi-skilled or skilled trade. Few
fathers had white-collar jobs.
Most
delinquent boys are less intelligent and more likely to be delineated as
troublemakers—aggressive, talkative, uninterested in schoolwork, easily
distracted, and impulsive.
Columbus,
Ohio teachers classified 6th grade boys in one of disadvantaged
delinquent youth programs to find that “bad boys” come from broken homes, have
lower IQ, and do poorly in school, and often come into police contact.
18
studies of female headed families from 1950-70 concludes 7 found to be in
delinquency in father-absent homes, 4 found less, and 7 produced mixed results.
A
neighborhood has higher crime because conditions give rise to it or because some
neighborhoods bait persons predisposed to criminality. Do people shape neighborhoods or do
neighborhoods shape people?
A
British government tested this by relocating large sums from inner cities to
outlaying areas with new public housing.
Many English areas are publicly managed.
Reducing families to better public housing has not reduced delinquency.
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| Biggie and Tupac Shakur East Coast West Coast Rivalry |
Do
gangs impress a young person’s mind? One
view accounts gangs and peer groups bring about crime by varying their values
or changing rewards of an individual. Young
persons are criminals before they join a gang.
Inevitably, they seek out peers who share the same delinquency than be
led to a life of crime by the pull and weight of their peers.
Juvenile crimes are perpetrated by persons in groups. Arrested juveniles commit crimes in groups less than 50%, 70% for property offense. Actually, Crimes committed by juveniles is less than what has been found in statistics. A Rand survey found that California prisoners arrested encompassed offenders in 18-20 age group; younger offenders were more likely to act in groups than older ones.
Peers and gangs give away to crime. Youth groups cause or increase crimes. Chris Wallace (aka Biggie) joins the crime ring by immersing himself in drug dealing and use of gun violence at a young age. Many theories speculate why youth groups increase crime.
Reinforce lower class values
Supply stimulus for juvenile in gangs
Criminal ways to gain goals barricaded by society
Inculate defiance to the goals of middle-class society as a
way with coping with status frustration.
Biggie comes from a single female-headed household which is statistically found to be poorer than an African American working-class family. African Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans with children are shown to be disproportionately poor. Single female-headed household, however, proves to be the poorest despite widespread prejudices that people may say otherwise. Though Black and Hispanic families are more likely to be poor, Black families make up 12% of the population and the Hispanics, 9%. The largest proportion of poor families are white. Biggie’s mother worked 2 jobs to support her kid. No surprise there. Female poverty is attributed to 2 main factors: women’s responsibility to children and discrimination in labor markets against women. Women that enter the work force get paid less than men. The result? Poor women and children. 44% of African children live below poverty level compared to 40% in Latinos children. And nearly 45% of single female-headed households were poor. Women and children make up majority of the poor. Female-headed households with young children have 50% headed by whites that are poor, 69% headed by blacks that turn out poor, and 72% headed by Latinos were poor. Biggie becomes delinquent in school from his broken single-female headed household background and gets wrapped up in drugs and gun violence. Men are 5-50X more likely to commit crimes; young persons 2-4X more likely than older ones.
Marxist would not argue crimes have
to do with values or attitudes nor are they learned by some or others. Crimes are caused by economic want and capitalist
oppression more prevalent in some neighborhoods. High crime areas are often low-income areas; low-income
areas differ in crime where factors other than economic want at work comes into
play. Biggie, Chris Wallace grew up in a
poor, low-income neighborhood in Brooklyn.
Black & White Tones
Black families reemerged as a central
issue during the civil rights movement. During
the Trump/Clinton presidential debate, Clinton called on Trump’s “negative
picture of black communities in our country,” neglecting to mention “the
vibrancy of the black church, the black businesses that employs so many people,
and the opportunities of so many families.” Black families engage in swapping —borrowing and trade
of resources, objects, and services where a member of a network rely on another
member for food, money, clothes, or child care. In return, a member obliges to share with those
in need. Child keeping is a special form
of swapping in the black community. The concept
is rooted back to West Africa and the South’s slave communities which placed value
on community responsibility. Scarce resources
can be handed out to members like a recycle deal to the community at large.
Black crime rates are used to support black’s morally inferior nature. The color of black skin has been argued to justify discriminatory arrest and sentencing decisions. Discrimination in criminal justice system lies but high black crimes endure. Blacks are overrepresented in those that are arrested, convicted, imprisoned for street crimes. Blacks account for about 1/8 of the population but weigh up to ½ for robbery, murder, and 1/3-1/4 arrested for larceny, burglary, auto theft, and aggravated assault. On the average, blacks are younger than white and they have increased risk of arrests. Among the age under the age of 18, they over-represent accounting up to ½ for murder and 2/3 for robbery.
Overrepresentation of blacks lives
out into the criminal justice system. Discriminatory
judgments make up a small fraction of overrepresentation in prison. About 80% of black/white incarcerations are disproportionately
from the initial disproportionate black/white arrests.
Overrepresentation black arrest arise
from police procedures —trend towards patrolling black areas more heavily than white
ones, taking black street crimes more seriously than off-street white collar crimes
by whites, and discriminatory arrests.
Blacks over-represent persons arrested for most of the “off-the-street” crimes but they also over-represent persons arrested for burglary, larceny, and auto-theft. Black in 1980, for example, made up about 1/3 arrested for fraud, forgery, counterfeiting, receiving stolen property, and nearly 1/4 arrested for embezzlement. Blacks under-represent among white collar crimes i.e. tax fraud, security violation which usually require high status trades.
Great majority of those arrested for homicides are the same race as their victims. But black men are 6X at greater risk to be victims of homicides than white men. Young black men are overwhelmingly at greater risk to be victims of homicides; the rate at age 25-29 is more than 7X greater than white males the same age. Biggie Small could not avoid falling into this statistics. The number of crimes blacks vs whites commit are similar but the proportion of blacks who commit same crimes are higher than the proportion of whites that commit at least one crime.
Criminologist account black crimes to economic depriviation, specifically, strain theory in which blacks more than whites face sharp shortage of economic scope as an upshot of unfair dealings in service and wealth. They turn to crime because of their limited frustrated means to achieve their goals. Blacks more than whites from low socio-economic background are more likely to commit crimes.
What are the personality traits of
delinquents vs. non-delinquents?
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Delinquents exceed
Nondeliquents |
Nondelinquents Exceed
Delinquents |
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Self-assertive |
Submissivenss |
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Social
assertion |
General
anxiety |
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Defiance |
Enhanced
insecurity |
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Ambivalance
towards authority |
Feeling
unloved Feeling
helpless |
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Feeling
unappreciated |
Fear
of failure |
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Difficulty
in contact w/others |
Adequate
contact w/others |
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Hostility |
Dependence
on others |
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Suspicion |
Concerns
about others’ expectations |
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Destructiveness |
|
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Narcissism |
Conventionality |
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Feeling
others will take care of one |
Masochism Self-control |
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Sadism |
Compusliveness |
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Impulsiveness |
|
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Extroversion |
|
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Mental
pathology |
|
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Good Progress |
Poor Progress |
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Conscientious |
Adventurous |
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Conservative |
Egotistical |
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Conventional |
Mischievous |
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Mild |
Opinionated |
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Moderate |
Outspoken |
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Painstaking |
Shrewd |
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Quiet |
Touchy |
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Unassuming |
Witty |
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